Which of the following is a common side effect of Spironolactone?

• A. Renal failure
• B. Hyperkalemia
• C. Hypokalemia
• D. Dry cough

Answer: (B)

Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic that blocks aldosterone in the distal nephron, promoting sodium and water loss while conserving potassium. Because it reduces potassium excretion, the most common adverse effect is hyperkalemia. This risk rises with kidney dysfunction or when combined with other drugs that raise potassium. Recognizing hyperkalemia is important, as it can cause muscle weakness, fatigue, or arrhythmias. Dry cough is associated with ACE inhibitors, not spironolactone, and hypokalemia would opposite-case reduce potassium, which spironolactone does not cause. Renal failure isn’t a typical direct side effect, though kidney function should be monitored due to the potassium risk.